Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) and learning analytics (LA) are increasingly influencing educational transformation in India. With the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizing digital learning, equity, and teacher capacity-building, AI and analytics provide powerful tools to enhance the quality and inclusivity of teaching and learning. This paper examines the role of AI and analytics in the Indian educational context, spanning adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring, content creation, and early alert mechanisms. It analyzes evidence from K–12, higher education, and teacher education in India, linking digital initiatives such as SWAYAM, DIKSHA, and the National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR). We highlight ethical concerns (privacy, bias, equity), capacity gaps, and governance needs specific to India’s diverse and multilingual system. A practical roadmap for Indian institutions and policymakers is presented, with emphasis on sustainable, inclusive, and responsible adoption.